An assessment of hypertension awareness and management among adults in Borno State
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Background of the Study
Hypertension is a prevalent non-communicable disease (NCD) and a significant public health concern worldwide. It is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and kidney failure. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines hypertension as a condition in which the systolic blood pressure is consistently higher than 140 mmHg and/or the diastolic pressure is above 90 mmHg (WHO, 2023). In Nigeria, hypertension has become a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly due to inadequate awareness and management strategies, especially in rural and semi-urban areas such as Borno State. Research has shown that the prevalence of hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria, continues to rise as a result of lifestyle factors, aging populations, and limited access to healthcare (Ogunlade et al., 2024).
Borno State, located in northeastern Nigeria, faces unique challenges in public health, including high poverty rates, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, and insecurity due to conflict. These factors have contributed to limited healthcare access and poor awareness of common chronic diseases like hypertension. Studies indicate that awareness levels of hypertension in Nigeria vary significantly by region, with many adults remaining unaware of their hypertension status until complications occur. Furthermore, the management of hypertension is often suboptimal due to limited access to medications, lack of trained healthcare providers, and cultural beliefs surrounding modern medicine (Okunola et al., 2023). In Borno State, the effects of the Boko Haram insurgency and the resulting displacements have exacerbated these issues, creating a fragile health systemin which chronic disease management is not prioritized.
Hypertension management typically includes lifestyle modifications such as reduced salt intake, regular physical activity, and adherence to pharmacological treatments. However, the degree of adherence to these practices remains a significant barrier to effective control. This study seeks to assess the current level of awareness, knowledge, and management strategies employed by adults in Borno State regarding hypertension, with a focus on understanding the barriers to effective care and treatment.
Statement of the Problem
The rising prevalence of hypertension and its associated risks among adults in Borno State is alarming. Despite the global emphasis on reducing hypertension through early detection and management, many individuals in this region are either unaware of their hypertensive status or lack the resources and knowledge to manage the condition effectively. The problemis compounded by the state’s conflict-related instability, which limits access to healthcare facilities and essential medications. This research, therefore, seeks to assess hypertension awareness, the existing management practices, and the factors that hinder effective hypertension care in the adult population of Borno State.
Objectives of the Study
- To assess the level of awareness of hypertension among adults in Borno State.
- To evaluate the management strategies employed by adults in Borno State to control hypertension.
- To identify barriers to effective hypertension management in Borno State.
Research Questions
- What is the level of awareness of hypertension among adults in Borno State?
- What management practices are commonly employed by adults in Borno State to control hypertension?
- What are the barriers to effective hypertension management in Borno State?
Research Hypotheses
- There is a significant relationship between the level of hypertension awareness and the management practices adopted by adults in Borno State.
- Access to healthcare services is a significant factor influencing hypertension management among adults in Borno State.
- Socioeconomic factors have a significant impact on the awareness and management of hypertension in Borno State.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on adults living in Borno State, Nigeria. It will assess both rural and urban populations, considering the different healthcare access levels. The study is limited to self-reported data on hypertension awareness and management practices, which may be affected by personal biases and recall errors. Additionally, the insecurity in some parts of the state may hinder the ability to reach certain populations.
Definitions of Terms
- Hypertension: A medical condition where blood pressure is consistently elevated above normal levels, typically defined as systolic blood pressure over 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure over 90 mmHg.
- Awareness: The knowledge and understanding of a specific health condition, in this case, hypertension, including its causes, risks, and management.
- Management: The process of controlling or reducing the effects of hypertension through lifestyle changes, medications, and other therapeutic interventions.
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